Encyclopaedia of Peace Education Modules in Indonesia

CSOs should carefully consider the objectives, targets, content, methods, and supporting elements when writing PVE activity modules so that their implementation can achieve the desired goals.

Module content should be expanded to include the cultivation of values. Cultivating values is important because violent extremism can occur when perpetrators embody the values they strongly hold. Therefore, cultivating peace values in society should be a priority so that people can implement these values in their daily lives. Additionally, if someone has already adopted extremist values, cultivating peace values is important to prevent them from enacting these extremist values through violence. The focus on skill enhancement such as problem-solving becomes less relevant while communities with extremist values still believe that everything can only be achieved through violent means. So far, skill enhancement remains a focus for many CSOs because implementing methods are easy and quick to measure while cultivating values and measuring their implementation requires a relatively longer period of time.

It is important to include communication as one of the core topics in PVE modules because communication is a fundamental skill that can bridge differences in understanding and perspectives.

It is important to use a gender perspective in developing modules. This gender perspective is not only related to the content in the module but also to the lens used when preparing the module itself. In various development issues, including peacebuilding, there are four aspects related to gender that need to be highlighted:
a. Equal participation between gender groups. This can be realized in the form of unbiased, gender-directed questions from facilitators when teaching modules and encouraging everyone to actively engage.
b. Access. CSOs should ensure that everyone can access their modules, regardless of their gender background.
c. Control. CSOs should ensure that the perspective used in the module is gender-inclusive. For example, in terms of characterization, cases, or language, CSOs should not favor one gender group, such as only men or only women. This is important because participants need appropriate representation to internalize values properly.
d. Benefits. CSOs should ensure that this module can benefit all parties, not just specific gender groups. Furthermore, in terms of substance, gender issues are also important to highlight, given the increasing trend of active involvement of women in violent extremist activities from year to year.

It is important to apply learning reflection methods to modules by providing appropriate reflection guide questions. Reflection methods are a process where module beneficiaries recall and reflect on what they have learned and convey it to the facilitator. This is the key to the internalization process of learning outcomes to ensure that learners understand the module content in its entirety.

The diversity of facilitators, such as religious and gender diversity, should be considered. This aims to expose learners to diversity, facilitate intergroup contact so that the values in the module have real representation, and aid in the internalization process of values.